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Statins lower blood cholesterol levels by blocking an enzyme in the liver responsible for producing cholesterol. This enzyme is called HMG-CoA reductase, which is why statins are also known as HMG-CoA-reductase inhibitors.

1. Without Statins

Without statins, HMG-CoA reductase produces lots of cholesterol (yellow dots) in the liver. Cholesterol is then transported to the blood, causing high levels of LDL cholesterol.

2. With Statins

Taking a statin drug blocks HMG-CoA reductase; the extent depends on the type and dose of the statin. Because less cholesterol is produced, less LDL cholesterol circulates within the blood. This reduces the buildup of atherosclerotic plaque and the risk of coronary heart disease.